IP Journal of Diagnostic Pathology and Oncology
Official Publication of Khyati Education and Research Foundation
Official Publication of Khyati Education and Research Foundation
Background: Intracranial space-occupying lesions (ICSOLs) include neoplastic and non-neoplastic lesions of the central nervous system. “In India, central nervous system neoplasms account for approximately 1.9% of all malignant tumours.” Non-neoplastic lesions can mimic brain tumours in radiology. Biopsy and histopathology are essential for accurate diagnosis and preventing incorrect therapeutic interventions. Methodology: A total of 104 cases of ICSOLs were selected in the present study. Basic patient demographics were analysed for age and gender preponderance. The frequency distribution of the site, morphology, and grading of the tumours were obtained. The statistical analysis was performed using STATA (14.2). Frequencies and the chi-square test were used for calculation. Results: In the present study, neoplastic lesions (93.27%) were more common than non-neoplastic lesions (6.73%), with a male predominance (Male: Female = 1.36:1). The most common age group affected by neoplastic lesions is 40–49 years. The frontal lobe is the most commonly affected site for neoplastic lesions. The present study found grade II and IV lesions to be more prevalent. Sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value and accuracy of radiological diagnosis in neoplastic lesions were 98.97%, 28.57%, 95.04%, 66.67% and 94.23% respectively, compared to histopathological diagnosis. P-value <0.05 suggests statistically significant results. Conclusions: The study found a higher incidence of neoplastic intracranial lesions, likely due to the institute's fully functional oncology department. In the present study, the diagnostic accuracy of radiology was improved, but specificity remains a challenge. Radiological techniques offer non-invasive insights into lesion characteristics, while histopathological examination provides a definitive cellular-level diagnosis. Together, these methods enhance diagnostic accuracy, guide treatment decisions, and improve patient outcomes.
Intracranial space occupying lesions,central nervous system,neoplastic lesions